EEG electro-encephalography GABA γ-aminobutyric acid PET positron emission tomography rTMS repetitive TMS TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation
نویسنده
چکیده
Fifteen years after its introduction by Anthony Barker, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) appears to be ‘coming of age’ in cognitive neuroscience and promises to reshape the way we investigate brain–behavior relations. Among the many methods now available for imaging the activity of the human brain, magnetic stimulation is the only technique that allows us to interfere actively with brain function. As illustrated by several experiments over the past couple of years, this property of TMS allows us to investigate the relationship between focal cortical activity and behavior, to trace the timing at which activity in a particular cortical region contributes to a given task, and to map the functional connectivity between brain regions.
منابع مشابه
Inhibition of the cortex using transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatric populations: current and future directions.
Several lines of evidence suggest that deficits in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmission are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cortical inhibition refers to a neurophysiological process, whereby GABA inhibitory interneurons selectively attenuate pyramidal neurons. Transcranial magn...
متن کاملImaging the brain before, during, and after transcranial magnetic stimulation.
This article provides a brief overview of current trends in combining neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). First, I outline the utility of magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) and frameless stereotaxy for planning, monitoring and documenting the location of the TMS coil relative to the subject's brain. Second, I describe two novel methods, based on the combination of TMS with p...
متن کاملSafety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research.
This article is based on a consensus conference, which took place in Certosa di Pontignano, Siena (Italy) on March 7-9, 2008, intended to update the previous safety guidelines for the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in research and clinical settings. Over the past decade the scientific and medical community has had the opportunity to evaluate the safety record of research...
متن کاملCortico-Cortical Modulation Induced by 1-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Temporal Cortex
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has potential as a noninvasive neuromodulation treatment method for various neuropsychiatric disorders, and repeated sessions of rTMS are more likely to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. This study investigated neurophysiologic and spatiodynamic changes induced by repeated 1-Hz rTMS of the temporal cortex using transcran...
متن کاملTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human frontal cortex: implications for repetitive TMS treatment of depression.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive tool used to manipulate activity in specific neural circuits of the human brain. Clinical studies suggest that, in some patients with major depression, rTMS has the potential to alleviate symptoms that may be related to functional abnormalities in a frontocingulate circuit. This paper reviews the rationale for the use of rTMS ...
متن کامل